Psychological well-being of teachers: influence of burnout, personality, and psychosocial climate.

Introduction: Those who are professionally dedicated to teaching can be exposed with their work to situations that influence their perception of psychological well-being. This study aims to evaluate how the factors of personality, emotional intelligence, burnout and the psychosocial climate derived from the work environment of teachers influence their levels of psychological well-being, to verify whether these variables allow us to establish a predictive model of psychological well-being by means of multiple regression analysis. Methods: Participants were a group of 386 teachers in early childhood, Primary and Secondary education, both in training and in active service (71.5% women; 28.5% men). A correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed to establish a predictive model of psychological well-being. We used 5 instruments: Psychosocial Climate at Work Scales (ECPT); verall Personality Assessment Scale (OPERAS); Questionnaire for Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome at Work (CESQT); Spanish adaptation of the Riff Psychological Well-being Scales (EBP) and Spanish validation of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Results: Most of the relationships were significant, and the multiple regression analysis explains 58.5% of the global variance of psychological well-being in teachers, being emotional stability the most relevant and main predictor of psychological well-being, explaining its 38.1%. Discussion: Personality shows a great influence in psychological well-being of teachers, particularly emotional stability. The ability to establish predictive models to explain psychological well-being in educational environments is confirmed.

Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures: The Role of Intelligence, the Dark Triad and Dysfunctional Impulsivity.

BACKGROUND: Although measures to prevent COVID-19 infection have been greatly relaxed in many countries, they are still quite stringent in others. However, not all citizens comply with them to the same extent. Many studies show the importance of personality traits in predicting compliance with these measures, but it is not so clear what the role of intelligence is. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether intelligence is related to compliance with these measures, and what its predictive role is when considered together with the dark triad and dysfunctional impulsivity. METHOD: A total of 786 participants answered four questionnaires. We performed correlations, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation analysis. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy and dysfunctional impulsivity were the variables that contributed most to compliance, while intelligence contributed very little. The results of the structural equation modelling suggested that intelligence had only an indirect relationship with compliance, through its relationship with the negative personality traits dysfunctional impulsivity and the dark triad. CONCLUSIONS: Intelligence seems to modulate the relationship between negative personality traits and compliance. Therefore, more intelligent people with negative personality traits would not tend to have such low levels of compliance.

Which profile of people tends to ignore preventive measures against COVID-19? The role of intelligence and the big five personality traits.

Although a considerable amount of research has been done on the role of personality traits in the prediction of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures, the possible role of intelligence has been studied far less. For this reason, the main goal of the current study was to determine what the predictive role of intelligence is when considered together with the Big Five personality traits. A total of 404 participants answered three instruments: the Overall Personality Assessment Scale (OPERAS), which assesses personality traits, the COmpliance with pandemic COmmands Scale (COCOS), which assesses compliance, and the test of intelligence International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR Sample Test). The results show that all variables are correlated with compliance, although the weight of emotional stability on compliance was not significant. The only variable negatively related to compliance was extraversion. The results of the structural equation modelling suggest that intelligence has a direct relationship with compliance, and an indirect relationship through openness to experience. According to the results, intelligence is an important variable that should be considered in the prediction of compliance with these preventive measures.

Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures: The Role of Intelligence, the Dark Triad and Dysfunctional Impulsivity / Cumplimiento de Medidas Preventivas Asociadas a la COVID-19: El Rol de la Inteligencia, la Triada Oscura y la Impulsividad Disfuncional

Background: Although measures to prevent COVID-19 infection have been greatly relaxed in many countries, theyare still quite stringent in others. However, not all citizens comply with them to the same extent. Many studies showthe importance of personality traits in predicting compliance with these measures, but it is not so clear what the roleof intelligence is. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether intelligence is related to compliance with these measures,and what its predictive role is when considered together with the dark triad and dysfunctional impulsivity. Method:A total of 786 participants answered four questionnaires. We performed correlations, multiple regression analysis,and structural equation analysis. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy and dysfunctionalimpulsivity were the variables that contributed most to compliance, while intelligence contributed very little. The resultsof the structural equation modelling suggested that intelligence had only an indirect relationship with compliance,through its relationship with the negative personality traits dysfunctional impulsivity and the dark triad. Conclusions:Intelligence seems to modulate the relationship between negative personality traits and compliance. Therefore, moreintelligent people with negative personality traits would not tend to have such low levels of compliance.(AU)

Antecedentes: Las medidas para controlar la COVID-19 se han relajado en muchos países, pero algunos todavíamantienen medidas estrictas, aunque hay ciudadanos que las incumplen. Muchos estudios muestran la relevancia de losrasgos de personalidad en la predicción del cumplimiento, pero no está tan claro cuál es el rol de la inteligencia. Por eso,los objetivos eran evaluar si la inteligencia está relacionada con el cumplimiento, y cuál es su papel predictivo cuandose considera junto con la tríada oscura y la impulsividad disfuncional. Método: 786 participantes respondieron cuatrocuestionarios. Se realizaron correlaciones, regresión múltiple y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Elanálisis de regresión mostró que la psicopatía y la impulsividad eran las variables con una mayor contribución, mientrasque la inteligencia contribuía de forma pobre. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales sugieren que lainteligencia tiene una relación indirecta con el cumplimiento, a través de su relación con la impulsividad disfuncionaly la tríada oscura. Conclusiones: La inteligencia parece modular la relación entre los rasgos negativos de personalidady el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas, por lo que las personas más inteligentes, pero con rasgos negativos depersonalidad, no tenderían a tener niveles tan bajos de cumplimiento.(AU)

Development of a Revised Version of the Statistical Anxiety Scale.

BACKGROUND: Statistics anxiety is a common problem in students taking statistics courses in the social sciences. It is most widely measured by the statistical anxiety scale. The various adaptations of this instrument have shown certain problems in the replication of its factorial structure and do not have a system to control possible response bias effects. The objective of our study was to propose a short test to measure statistical anxiety that also includes a scale to control social desirability bias. METHOD: We developed a revised version of the statistical anxiety scale using procedures for controlling response biases and examined its factorial structure using exploratory and confirmatory analysis in a sample of 531 students. RESULTS: The revised version showed a clear four-factor structure in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with the expected three content factors plus one social desirability factor. The scales showed no acquiescence effects and moderate social desirability effects, and had a clear relationship with academic success. CONCLUSIONS: The revised version of the statistical anxiety scale improves on the psychometric properties of the original version and may overcome the problems detected in some adaptations of the previous version.

Development of a Revised Version of the Statistical Anxiety Scale / Desarrollo de una Versión Revisada de la Escala de Ansiedad Estadística

Background: Statistics anxiety is a common problem in students taking statistics courses in the social sciences. It is most widely measured by the statistical anxiety scale. The various adaptations of this instrument have shown certain problems in the replication of its factorial structure and do not have a system to control possible response bias effects. The objective of our study was to propose a short test to measure statistical anxiety that also includes a scale to control social desirability bias. Method: We developed a revised version of the statistical anxiety scale using procedures for controlling response biases and examined its factorial structure using exploratory and confirmatory analysis in a sample of 531 students. Results: The revised version showed a clear four-factor structure in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with the expected three content factors plus one social desirability factor. The scales showed no acquiescence effects and moderate social desirability effects, and had a clear relationship with academic success. Conclusions: The revised version of the statistical anxiety scale improves on the psychometric properties of the original version and may overcome the problems detected in some adaptations of the previous version.(AU)

Antecedentes: La ansiedad estadística es un problema habitual en los estudiantes que cursan materias relacionadas con la estadística en las ciencias sociales. Una de las escalas más utilizadas en su evaluación es la Escala de Ansiedad Estadística. En algunas adaptaciones se han detectado problemas en la replicación de su estructura factorial y no controlan los sesgos de respuesta. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue proponer un test para la evaluación de la ansiedad estadística incluyendo una escala para el control de la deseabilidad social. Método: Se desarrolló una versión revisada de la escala utilizando procedimientos para el control de la deseabilidad social analizándose su estructura factorial en una muestra de 531 estudiantes. Resultados: La versión revisada mostró un ajuste adecuado tanto a nivel exploratorio como confirmatorio a una estructura de cuatro factores; los tres de contenido esperados y un factor de deseabilidad social. Las escalas no mostraron efectos de la aquiescencia y un moderado efecto de la deseabilidad social, además las escalas de contenido mostraron una clara relación con el rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: La versión revisada de la escala mejora las propiedades de la versión precedente y puede solventar los problemas detectados en algunas adaptaciones de la misma.(AU)

COmpliance with pandemic COmmands Scale (COCOS): The relationship between compliance with COVID-19 measures and sociodemographic and attitudinal variables.

Several studies in different countries have reported that part of the population does not fully comply with the measures recommended to prevent COVID-19, and therefore poses a risk to public health. For this reason, several measures have been developed to assess the level of compliance, although many of them have methodological limitations or do not include a comprehensive set of items. The main goal of the current study was to develop a new instrument with suitable psychometric properties, which includes a more complete set of items and controls the impact of acquiescence bias. The participants were 1410 individuals (59.2% women) from Spain, who answered the new questionnaire and several items on sociodemographic and attitudinal issues. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, and the results suggested that only one content factor was underlying the data. This solution was replicated in a different subsample, which shows the stability of the solution. Furthermore, the relationships between the scores of the new questionnaire and the sociodemographic and attitudinal variables are similar to those obtained in previous studies, which can be regarded as evidence of the validity of the new questionnaire.

DF-8: a specific scale for assessing work fatigue in professional drivers.

The study objective is to create a scale specifically for measuring driver fatigue and to analyze the scale's psychometric properties. The participants were 518 Spanish drivers. We carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the first subsample obtained a single-item solution (eight items). We then performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a second subsample. The results were root mean square error of approximation (rmsea) = 0.05, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.94 and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.92, which corroborates the previous results and maintains the same number of elements. The resulting dimension shows good reliability. The scale scores were then related to several external correlates and other scales, and showed good convergence and criteria validity. The results indicate that the scale for assessing work fatigue specifically in professional drivers - driver fatigue (DF-8) - is a reliable and valid instrument.

Is Correcting for Acquiescence Increasing the External Validity of Personality Test Scores?

BACKGROUND: Balanced scales control for acquiescence (ACQ) because the tendency of the respondent to agree with the positive items is cancelled out by the tendency to agree with opposite-pole items. When full balance is achieved, ACQ is not expected to affect external validity. Otherwise, attenuated estimates are expected to appear if no control methods such as Lorenzo-Seva & Ferrando's (2009) are used. METHOD: Expected results were derived analytically. Subsequently, a simulation was carried out to assess (a) how ACQ impacted external validity and (b) how validity estimates behaved when ACQ was corrected. Two illustrative examples are provided. RESULTS: A sizable number of items and/or high content loadings tended to decrease ACQ's impact on validity estimates, making the empirical coefficient closer to its structural value. Furthermore, when scales were well balanced, the controlled and uncorrected scores were close to each other, and led to unbiased validity estimates. When the scales were unbalanced and no corrections were used, attenuated empirical validity coefficients inevitably appeared. CONCLUSIONS: Designing a well-balanced test or correcting for ACQ are the best ways to minimize attenuation in external validity estimation.

Curiosity as a moderating variable between Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation / La curiosidad como variable moderadora entre la Impulsividad y la Orientación Emprendedora

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar si la curiosidad es una variable moderadora entre la Impulsividad y la Orientación Emprendedora. Se utiliza una muestra multiocupacional de 883 empleados españoles (49 % hombres, 51 % mujeres), obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se ha utilizado el programa SPSS 23.0. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre todas las variables de la investigación a excepcion de la impulsividad Funcional. Finalmente, la evidencia empírica indica que la Curiosidad-D tiene un papel moderador entre la impulsividad Disfuncional y la Orientación Emprendedora mostrada, en el sentido de que la Curiosidad-D (entendida como una variable cuantitativa) afecta la intensidad de la relación entre la Impulsividad Disfuncional (variable predictora) y la Orientación Emprendedora (variable de criterio)

The objective of the present study is to analyze whether the variable Curiosity is a moderating variable between Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation. The multi-occupational sample of 883 Spanish and Colombian employees (49% men, 51% women) was obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The data collected were processed with the SPSS 23.0 program. Statistically significant correlations were found among all the research variables except for Functional Impulsivity. Finally, empirical evidence indicates that Curiosity-D plays a moderating role between Dysfunctional Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation in the sense that Curiosity-D (understood as a quantitative variable) affects the intensity of the relationship between Dysfunctional Impulsivity (predictor variable) and Entrepreneurial Orientation (criterion variable)

Predictive variables for sleep quality in professional drivers / Variables predictivas de la calidad del sueño en conductores profesionales

Professional drivers often have problems sleeping or resting properly. This may be due to various factors, both personal and specific to their working conditions. In this study, we set out to develop a predictive model for the quality of sleep in professional drivers using the following indicators: Age, Gender, Seat Comfort, Seat Suspension, Adjustable Lum-bar Support of the Driver's Seat, Driving Hours, Musculoskeletal Problems, Driver Stress, Irritation, Resistant Personality, Burnout, Safety Behaviors and Impulsivity. METHOD: The participants were 369 professional drivers from different transport sectors, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The SPSS 25.0 program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The predictive capacity of certain variables that affect drivers' sleep quality is determined. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality can be predicted by means of certain variables, the best predictor of which is Exhaustion (Burnout). This research contributes to the body of knowledge on sleep quality and on improving the health of professional drivers

Los conductores profesionales suelen padecer problemas para dormir o descansar correctamente. Esto puede deberse a diversos factores tanto personales como específicos de las condiciones laborales. En el presente trabajo nos hemos planteado desarrollar un modelo predictivo sobre la calidad del sueño en conductores profesionales utilizando los indicadores siguientes: Edad, Género, Confort del asiento, suspensión del asiento, Soporte lumbar ajustable del asiento del conductor, Horas de conducción, Problemas musculoesqueléticos, Drivers Stress, Irritación, Personalidad resistente, Burnout, conductas de seguridad e Impulsividad. MÉTODO: Los participantes han sido 369 conductores profesionales, de distintos sectores del transporte, obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se han utilizado el programa SPSS 25.0. RESULTADOS: Se determina la capacidad predictiva de algunas variables que afectan a los conductores sobre la calidad del sueño. CONCLUSIONES: La calidad del sueño se puede predecir a través de determinadas variables, siendo la mejor predictora Exhaustion (Burnout). Esta investigación contribuye a un mayor conocimiento de la calidad del sueño y a la mejora de la salud de los conductores profesionales

Work addiction as a predictor of anxiety and depression.

BACKGROUND: A worker's work habits can affect their health, both physically and psychologically. Negative results have been associated with work demands (stress, anxiety and depression). OBJECTIVE: In the present research we carried out a predictive study of work addiction by applying three questionnaires on depression and anxiety. METHODS: In this study, the participants were 332 workers, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The FACTOR (version 7.2) and SPSS 23.0 programs were used. RESULTS: The results of the correlation analysis show both positive and negative associations with the variables studied. We conclude that work addiction variables can predict anxiety and depression because we found that two variables predict 18.3% of depression and 20.3% of anxiety, which are feelings generated by work and excessive work. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that feelings generated by work and excessive work predict anxiety and depression, thus the present research helps to broaden knowledge on work addiction, promoting a healthy lifestyle and prevent absenteeism.

Predictive power of selected factors over driver stress at work.

Professional drivers are considered prone to health risks. For this reason we have conducted a predictive study to analyze variables that may be predictors of stress in driving. Participating in this study were 372 drivers (93.4% men, 6.6% women) recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. The aim of the study is to develop a prediction model for job stress in professional drivers using the following indicators: personality, impulsiveness, hardy personality, job, age, seat comfort, seat suspension, lumbar support and driving hours. We found that the variables with predictive power over driving stress were: commitment over relaxed driving (ΔR2 = 0.101; ß = 0.135), danger prevention (ΔR2 = 0.139; ß = 0.342) and fatigue and anxiety (ΔR2 = 0.063; ß = -0.227); control over alertness and vigilance (ΔR2 = 0.069; ß = 0.278); agreeableness over sensation-seeking (ΔR2 = 0.047; ß = -0.268). In conclusion, driver stress can be predicted by certain variables. This study contributes to better understanding of driver stress and promotes safety at the wheel, thus helping to prevent traffic accidents.

Is Correcting for Acquiescence Increasing the External Validity of Personality Test Scores? / ¿La Corrección por Aquiescencia Aumenta la Validez Externa de las Puntuaciones en Personalidad?

Background: Balanced scales control for acquiescence (ACQ) because the tendency of the respondent to agree with the positive items is cancelled out by the tendency to agree with opposite-pole items. When full balance is achieved, ACQ is not expected to affect external validity. Otherwise, attenuated estimates are expected to appear if no control methods such as Lorenzo-Seva & Ferrando’s (2009) are used. Method: Expected results were derived analytically. Subsequently, a simulation was carried out to assess (a) how ACQ impacted external validity and (b) how validity estimates behaved when ACQ was corrected. Two illustrative examples are provided. Results: A sizable number of items and/or high content loadings tended to decrease ACQ’s impact on validity estimates, making the empirical coefficient closer to its structural value. Furthermore, when scales were well balanced, the controlled and uncorrected scores were close to each other, and led to unbiased validity estimates. When the scales were unbalanced and no corrections were used, attenuated empirical validity coefficients inevitably appeared. Conclusions: Designing a well-balanced test or correcting for ACQ are the best ways to minimize attenuation in external validity estimation. (AU)

Antecedentes: construir escalas balanceadas permite controlar la aquiescencia (ACQ), haciendo que la tendencia del encuestado a estar de acuerdo con los ítems positivos se cancele con la tendencia a estar de acuerdo con los ítems del polo opuesto. En caso contrario, se esperarán estimaciones atenuadas de los coeficientes de validez externa en caso de no utilizar algún método de control (Lorenzo-Seva & Ferrando, 2009). Método: se llevó a cabo (a) un desarrollo analítico (b) una simulación para evaluar (a) el impacto de ACQ en la validez externa y (b) el comportamiento de las estimaciones de validez cuando se corrige por ACQ. Incluyendo finalmente dos ejemplos ilustrativos. Resultados: número alto de ítems y/o cargas altas en el factor de contenido tienden a disminuir el impacto de ACQ en las estimaciones de validez. Además, con escalas balanceadas por diseño, las diferencias entre las puntuaciones corregidas y no corregidas son menores, llevando a estimaciones de validez insesgadas. En escalas no balanceadas ni corregidas aparece una atenuación en el coeficiente de validez empírico. Conclusiones: diseñar pruebas balanceadas o corregir ACQ son las mejores maneras de minimizar la atenuación en la estimación de la validez externa. (AU)

Psychological Variables Related to Adaptation to the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain.

Recent studies show that quarantine and lockdown are effective measures for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks, but may be an unpleasant experience with psychological consequences. For this reason, the main aim of this study was to determine which personal sociodemographic and psychological variables are related to adapting to lockdown in a Spanish population. Questionnaires were administered to 2,055 individuals (60.7% women) who were resident in Spain and aged between 18 and 80 years old. We also administered some items related to feelings and behaviors during lockdown. The results showed that sex and age are variables to be taken into account. In fact, women tended to show greater stress, a more pessimistic attitude, and lower self-esteem. However, older people adapted better to lockdown although they were also more worried. Married people also adapted better although they too were more worried. The results also showed that more resilient people, with higher subjective happiness and life satisfaction, develop strategies for adapting positively to adversity, and tend to adapt better to lockdown, with more positive attitudes and behaviors. In terms of personality traits, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were related to worse adaptation to lockdown. This study also showed that lockdown has had a negative psychological impact on those people who did not adapt well to the situation and the changes during the first 4 weeks of lockdown.

INCA-M: Mexican Adaptation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behavior.

Callous-unemotional traits are considered to be precursors of psychopathy, and are related to behaviors such as aggression, delinquency, antisocial behavior, and bullying in adolescents. For this reason, it is important to study these traits in childhood and adolescence with appropriate and reliable instruments. The aim of the current study is to develop a Mexican adaptation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behavior (INCA) because few questionnaires in Spanish assess these traits, and even fewer have been validated for the Mexican population. The INCA questionnaire, developed in Spain, assesses the same three factors as the ICU questionnaire (unemotional, callousness, and uncaring), and it includes an additional factor of antisocial behavior with items on challenging authority and breaking social rules. It controls two response biases: social desirability and acquiescence. We administered the Mexican adaptation, named INCA-M, to 699 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old. Factor analysis yielded three dimensions, because most of the items referring to uncaring and antisocial behavior loaded on a common factor, which can be explained by cultural differences. We decided to remove these items of antisocial behavior so as to maintain the same three factors assessed by the ICU questionnaire. The results suggest that the INCA-M has good psychometric properties, with high factor simplicity and good reliability. Moreover, we found the expected correlations with impulsivity and the Big Five subscales, and also with the equivalent subscales assessed by the ICU questionnaire.

To reverse or to not reverse likert-type items: that is the question / Invertir o no invertir ítems tipo Likert: esa es la cuestión

BACKGROUND: The suitability of using reversed items in typical response measures has been a matter of controversy for many years. While some authors recommend their use, others reject them due to their undesirable effects on tests' psychometric properties. The present research intends to analyse a third alternative based on the use of reversed items plus a procedure to control response bias effects. METHOD: We analysed two forms of the same test, one with direct and reversed items and another composed only of direct items, and compared them both before and after applying a procedure to control response biases. RESULTS: The factorial structure and factorial reliability of both versions was almost equivalent after controlling response biases. When no effect biases were controlled, the version with both types of items exhibited less acceptable psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The use of reversed items is not advisable without the application of a procedure to control response bias effects. When such effects are mitigated, the results are equivalent to those obtained with only direct items, but with the added value of controlling for acquiescence effects

ANTECEDENTES: la utilización de ítems invertidos en medidas de respuesta típica ha sido durante mucho tiempo una cuestión controvertida. Mientras algunos autores aconsejan su utilización, otros la rechazan debido a sus efectos indeseables en las propiedades psicométricas de las medidas. El presente estudio pretende analizar una tercera vía, basada en el uso de ítems invertidos juntamente con un método para eliminar los efectos de los sesgos de respuesta. MÉTODO: se analizaron dos versiones de una misma prueba, una incorporando ítems directos e invertidos y otra compuesta únicamente de ítems directos. Posteriormente se compararon ambas versiones antes y después de controlar los efectos de los sesgos de respuesta. RESULTADOS: la estructura factorial y la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones factoriales de ambas versiones tras eliminar los efectos de los sesgos de respuesta fue equivalente, mientras que la versión con ambos tipos de ítems sin control de sesgos mostró peores propiedades psicométricas. CONCLUSIONES: la utilización de ítems revertidos sin la aplicación de un método de control de sesgos está claramente desaconsejada. Cuando dichos métodos se utilizan los resultados de ambas versiones son equivalentes con el añadido que en la versión con ítems revertidos se controlan los efectos de aquiescencia

To reverse or to not reverse Likert-type items: That is the question.

BACKGROUND: The suitability of using reversed items in typical response measures has been a matter of controversy for many years. While some authors recommend their use, others reject them due to their undesirable effects on tests' psychometric properties. The present research intends to analyse a third alternative based on the use of reversed items plus a procedure to control response bias effects. METHOD: We analysed two forms of the same test, one with direct and reversed items and another composed only of direct items, and compared them both before and after applying a procedure to control response biases. RESULTS: The factorial structure and factorial reliability of both versions was almost equivalent after controlling response biases. When no effect biases were controlled, the version with both types of items exhibited less acceptable psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The use of reversed items is not advisable without the application of a procedure to control response bias effects. When such effects are mitigated, the results are equivalent to those obtained with only direct items, but with the added value of controlling for acquiescence effects.

Predictive value of child behavior checklist/6-18, Youth self-report and conners 3 adhd index for Adhd in school-aged children / Valor predictivo del Listado de comportamientos infantiles/6-18, el Autoinforme juvenil y el Índice de TDAH de Conners 3 para el TDAH en niños en edad escolar

The best predictors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined using Conners 3 ADHD Index (Conners 3 AI) (teacher and parent reports), Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) and Youth Self Report for ages 11-18 (YSR/11-18) in a sample of 350 schoolchildren from the Epidemiological Project on Neurodevelopmental Disorders (EPINED) (n = 2,818). The diagnosis was made on the basis of the DSM-5 criteria and the three presentations of ADHD were categorised as non-diagnosis (n = 175), subclinical (n = 56) or clinical (n = 118). Discriminant analyses showed that the CBCL attention problems scale was the best predictor, correctly classifying almost 80% of cases (78.4% unadjusted model; 79.2% model adjusted for IQ and socioeconomic level). The slow cognitive time scale was the best predictor of inattention presentation (68.7% unadjusted; 71.0% adjusted) and the DSM scale of attention problems was the best predictor of hyperactive-impulsive (71.1% unadjusted; 78.0% adjusted) and the combined (68% unadjusted; 71.0% adjusted) presentation. Predictors did not differ between models for two (nondiagnostic and clinical) or three diagnostic categories (non-diagnostic, subclinical and clinical)

Se examinaron los mejores predictores del trastorno de deficit de atencion e hiperactividad (TDAH) considerando el Indice de TDAH de Conners 3 (Conners 3 AI), el Listado de comportamientos infantiles/6-18 (CBCL/6-18) y el Autoinforme juvenil/11-18 (YSR/11-18) en 350 escolares. El diagnostico se realizó con base en los criterios DSM-5 y se consideraron las categorías de no-diagnostico (n = 175), subclinico (n = 56) y clínico (n = 118) con las tres presentaciones de TDAH. Los análisis discriminantes mostraron que la escala de problemas de atención del CBCL fue el mejor predictor, clasificando correctamente casi el 80% de los casos (78,4% modelo no ajustado; 79,2% modelo ajustado por el cociente intelectual y nivel socioeconomico). Para la presentación de inatención el mejor predictor fue la escala de tiempo cognitivo lento (68,7% no ajustado; 71,0% ajustado) y para las presentaciones hiperactivo-impulsivo (71,1% no ajustado; 78,0% ajustado) y combinada (68% no ajustado; 71,0% ajustado) la escala DSM de problemas de atención. Los predictores no difirieron entre los modelos para dos (no-diagnostico y clínico) o tres categorias diagnosticas (no-diagnostico, subclinico y clinico)

A predictive study of antecedent variables of Passion towards Work / Estudio correlacional-predictivo de las variables antecedentes de la Pasión por el Trabajo

The aim of this study was to conduct a correlational-predictive study of the antecedent variables of Passion towards Work. The participants were 513 workers (48.1% male, 51.9% female), obtained through non-probability sampling. We used the FACTOR 7.2 and SPSS 22.0. In the results we find that variables such as Personality, Engagement, Self-efficacy, obsessive-compulsive component, Life satisfaction and Lifestyle were predictive of Passion towards Work. In conclusion Passion towards Work can be predicted as follows: The variables Dedication, Growth, Physical activity, Satisfaction with life and Excessive responsibility were direct predictors of Harmonious Passion whereas Vigor was an inverse predictor. Similarly, the variables Absorption and Excessive responsibility were predictors of Obsessive Passion, whereas Satisfaction with life, Openness to experience and Kindness were negative predictors

ANTECEDENTES: El objetivo de este studio fue realizer un studio correlacional-predictivo de las variables antecedetes de La Pasión por el trabajo. MÉTODOS: Los participantes han sido 513 trabajadores (48,1% hombres, 51,9% mujeres), obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se han utilizado los programas FACTOR (versión 7.2) y SPSS 20.0. RESULTADOS: se determina la capacidad predictiva de variables como Personalidad, Engagement, Autoeficacia, ICO, Satisfacción por la vida y Estilo de vida sobre la Pasión por el trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: La Pasión por el Trabajo se puede predecir de la siguiente manera. La Pasión Armoniosa de forma directa con las variables Dedicación, Crecimiento, Actividad Física, Satisfacción con la vida y Responsabilidad excesiva y de manera inversa con el Viogr. Mientras que la Pasión Obsesiva a través de las variables Absorción y Responsabilidad excesiva y de manera negativa la Satisfacción con la vida, la Apertura a la experiencia y la Amabilidad